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Experiment #00000092

A Top-Down Mechanism for Sporadic ALS Initiated by Ocular Metal Dyshomeostasis and Retrograde Exosomal Transport along the Subcortical Visual Axis

Eye Diseases _gates_from_eye_diseases Retinal Diseases _gates_to_retinal_diseases _gates_from_retinal_diseases Extracellular Vesicles _gates_to_extracellular_vesicles _gates_from_extracellular_vesicles Motor Neurons _gates_to_motor_neurons
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Experiment #00000071

Do any recent non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy clinical trials reveal anything about Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?

Diabetic Retinopathy _gates_from_diabetic_retinopathy ALS _gates_to_als Retinal Diseases _gates_to_retinal_diseases _gates_from_retinal_diseases Neurodegenerative Diseases _gates_to_neurodegenerative_diseases _gates_from_neurodegenerative_diseases
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Experiment #00000069

Keyword Analysis: diabetes; retinal diabetic neuropathy; ganglion cells; synapses; SPG302; tazbentetol; visual function; synaptic regeneration; neuroprotection; blindness; glaucoma

Glucose _gates_from_glucose Mitochondria _gates_to_mitochondria Mitochondrial Dysfunction _gates_from_mitochondrial_dysfunction Retinal Ganglion Cells _gates_to_retinal_ganglion_cells SPG302 Treatment _gates_from_spg302_treatment
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Experiment #00000065

Does pathologically seeded TDP-43 exit the retina via anterograde axonal transport along the optic tract to midbrain hubs, enter the systemic circulation inside extracellular vesicles, and subsequently traffic into pancreatic beta-cells to accelerate type 2 diabetes phenotypes?

TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 _gates_from_tar_dna_binding_protein_43 Extracellular Vesicles _gates_to_extracellular_vesicles Systemic circulating EVs _gates_from_systemic_circulating_evs Insulin-Secreting Cells _gates_to_insulin_secreting_cells Axonal Transport _gates_to_axonal_transport
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Experiment #00000055

If the RGNEF NF 242 Terminal loses its functional ability to agitate or compete with TDP-43, perhaps from misfolding or sequestration, could it cause the TDP-43 proteinopathy seen in the retina, post-mortem, in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients, if the RGNEF failures were localized in the retina?

RGNEF/NF242 _gates_from_rgnef_nf242 TDP-43 _gates_to_tdp_43 Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor _gates_from_rho_guanine_nucleotide_exchange_factor TDP-43 Proteinopathies _gates_to_tdp_43_proteinopathies Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis _gates_from_amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis
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Experiment #00000023

Does misfolded TDP43 affect Retinal Ganglion Cell STMN2 ability to repair in a similar way as what how it was shown to affect motor neurons with cryptic mis-splicing?

TDP-43 pathology _gates_from_tdp_43_pathology RNA Splicing _gates_to_rna_splicing _gates_from_rna_splicing Stathmin 2 _gates_to_stathmin_2 Vitreous Body _gates_to_vitreous_body DNA-Binding Protein-43
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Experiment #00000016

Analyze the potential for zinc-binding competition between synaptic transporters (e.g., SLC39A8, ZnT3) and ALS-associated proteins (RGNEF, TDP-43) in the RGC-thalamic axis. Can this competition explain the coexistence of RGC excitotoxicity and STMN2 depletion in clinical samples?

TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 _gates_from_tar_dna_binding_protein_43 Stathmin 2 _gates_to_stathmin_2 SLC39A8 protein, human _gates_from_slc39a8_protein__human Zinc _gates_to_zinc Excitotoxicity _gates_from_excitotoxicity
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Experiment #00000015

Given that schizophrenia is characterized by a deficit in the attenuation of sensory input via corollary discharge, how might pathologically elevated RGC signaling—potentially caused by synaptic glutamate overflow without zinc modulation—interfere with the thalamic integration of extra-retinal CD signals to effectively reverse the predictive timing of visual stability?

SLC39A8 Protein _gates_from_slc39a8_protein Zinc Deficiency _gates_to_zinc_deficiency _gates_from_zinc_deficiency Glutamic Acid _gates_to_glutamic_acid _gates_from_glutamic_acid Thalamus _gates_to_thalamus
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Experiment #00000014

Under certain conditions, can hyperexcited retinal ganglion cells misfire corollary discharge(s) unexpectedly?

Oculomotor Motor Command _gates_from_oculomotor_motor_command Corollary Discharge _gates_to_corollary_discharge _gates_from_corollary_discharge Sensory Processing, Sensory _gates_to_sensory_processing__sensory Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) _gates_from_retinal_ganglion_cells__rgcs_ Visual Perception
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Experiment #00000013

Can BMAA, a known glutamate mimic, cause hyperexcited retinal ganglion cells and cause them to "misfire" corollary discharge?

Amino Acids, Diamino _gates_from_amino_acids__diamino Retina _gates_to_retina _gates_from_retina Corollary Discharge _gates_to_corollary_discharge NMDA receptors _gates_to_nmda_receptors NMDA receptor activation
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Experiment #00000012

If a toxin with a thermodynamic affinity for Zinc GREATER THAN that of Glutamate AND LESS THAN that of RGNEF, under certain conditions a pathway exists wherein the toxin could shuttle synaptic retinal zinc to RGNEF, thus potentially ultimately resulting in the retinal TDP-43 proteinopathy seen in the retina post mortem in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Synaptic Zinc _gates_from_synaptic_zinc Receptors, Glutamate _gates_to_receptors__glutamate _gates_from_receptors__glutamate Zinc Dyshomeostasis in RGCs _gates_to_zinc_dyshomeostasis_in_rgcs _gates_from_zinc_dyshomeostasis_in_rgcs TDP-43 Proteinopathy _gates_to_tdp_43_proteinopathy
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