# PathMap Report Trace Context: #00000134
Hypothesis: Hypothesis: Intraperitoneal administration of a thermoresponsive hydrogel loaded with borneol-functionalized ginger  derived extracellular vesicles (Moxibustion-Modified GDEVs) may provide a sustained, localized delivery to ovarian tumors, potentially enhancing deep tissue penetration and inducing apoptosis without systemic chemotoxicity.
Author: Joshua Dungan (PathMap.org)
License: 'THE GLOBAL HUMANITARIAN PROPRIETARY LICENSE (VERSION 1.0.1)' https://pathmap.org/license.pdf
Full provenance JSON trace: https://pathmap.org/download.php/?id=134
==================================================

SYSTEM NOTE: The eight-digit ID numbers (e.g., ID 12345678) used in citations below are PubMed ID numbers and can be loaded via https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/{ID}/ for verification.

==================================================

## Primary Synthesis & Clinical Bottom-Line
This assessment evaluates the translational potential of combining ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (GDEVs) with thermoresponsive hydrogel delivery systems for the management of ovarian cancer. While components of this drug delivery system have demonstrated efficacy in isolation—such as GDEVs for anti-inflammatory purposes and thermoresponsive platforms for controlled drug release—the comprehensive platform hypothesized requires future validation through integrative experimental models.

## Plausibility Verdicts
- Evaluation 1: The hypothesis is theoretically sound based on existing components, but requires experimental verification to confirm efficacy.

## Novel & Overlooked Insights
- GDEVs retain therapeutic anti-inflammatory properties, making them candidates for modulating the tumor microenvironment.
- Thermoresponsive hydrogels facilitate controlled delivery, potentially reducing systemic exposure.
- The use of native plant-derived materials offers a scalable alternative to synthetic nanocarriers.
- Preclinical evidence in diverse cancer models supports the use of membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for improved tumor-targeting specificity.
- Combination therapies using natural products and chemotherapeutics often overcome the resistance mechanisms associated with conventional platinum-based treatments.
- The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determinant of drug delivery efficiency, where mechanical barriers and fluid pressure significantly affect intratumoral distribution.
- Current research is shifting towards "biomimetic conductive cardiac patch" and similar adaptive materials, which underscores the maturity of hydrogel engineering for diverse tissue-specific applications.
- The use of "small interfering RNA (siRNA)" within nanovesicles validates the capacity to carry both chemical and genetic payloads for dual-mode therapy.
- Thermal processing (boiling) reconfigures ginger extracellular vesicles (GEVs) into thermally reassembled GEVs (T-GEVs) with enhanced trafficking regulator enrichment.
- T-GEVs demonstrate an 8.57-fold increase in clathrin-dependent cellular uptake in intestinal cells compared to native vesicles.
- Carrier-free pure drug crystal depots can provide sustained ocular delivery for at least eight months.
- Borneol-functionalized nanoparticles efficiently traverse the blood-brain barrier and restore redox homeostasis in cerebral ischemic models.
- Systematic identification of host genes essential for bacterial invasion provides a robust pipeline for novel therapeutic target discovery.
- Tumor-derived parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is associated with the suppression of multiple cytochrome P450 enzyme families, impacting chemotherapy pharmacokinetics.
- Synergistic effects of NMN supplementation enhance MSLN CAR-NK cell persistence and cytotoxic potency against ovarian cancer.

## Extracted Custom Discoveries
### Suggested Experiments
- Assess the stability and drug-loading efficiency of GDEVs conjugated with borneol.
- Evaluate the release kinetics of borneol-GDEVs from a thermoresponsive hydrogel at varying temperature thresholds.
- Investigate the intraperitoneal tumor accumulation and penetration depth of the hydrogel-loaded GDEVs in an orthotopic ovarian cancer mouse model.
- Develop T-GEVs loaded with paclitaxel for intraperitoneal delivery in SKOV3 xenograft models.
- Evaluate the stability and degradation profile of thermosensitive PEOz-PAla hydrogels loaded with borneol-GDEVs in peritoneal fluid.
- Assess the synergistic effect of borneol-GDEVs with cisplatin in 3D ovarian cancer spheroid models.

### Suggested Studies
- A comparative study evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of borneol-GDEVs versus non-functionalized GDEVs in ovarian cancer cell models.
- Long-term toxicity and biodistribution assessment of intraperitoneally administered thermoresponsive hydrogel-GDEV systems in healthy subjects.
- Metagenomic and transcriptomic analysis of the tumor microenvironment following hydrogel-GDEV treatment to elucidate immune reprogramming effects.
- Investigation of the long-term toxicity of intraperitoneally administered borneol-functionalized extracellular vesicles in murine models.
- Comparison of cellular uptake efficiency between GEVs, T-GEVs, and borneol-modified T-GEVs in human ovarian cancer cell lines.
- Analysis of the immune-modulatory profile of T-GEVs in the ovarian tumor microenvironment.

### Swansons Literature Based Discovery Candidates
- Enhancing GDEV-mediated tumor penetration through the incorporation of borneol or similar penetration enhancers in peritoneal ovarian cancer applications.
- ID: 41674725: GDEVs are effective, oral, anti-inflammatory agents with good bioavailability.
- ID: 41264094: Ovarian cancer peritoneal metastasis is driven by specific integrin/complex interactions and requires overcoming poor drug-homing efficiency.
- Intracellular uptake mechanisms and modulation of local inflammatory signaling pathways (specifically ROS and NF-κB).
- GDEVs possess the inherent capability to modulate inflammatory cascades, while ovarian peritoneal metastasis is heavily reliant on inflammation and poor drug infiltration. Utilizing GDEVs to carry payloads for local delivery into the peritoneal cavity could neutralize the pro-metastatic inflammatory microenvironment while providing a carrier for deep-tissue penetration.
- Ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (GEVs) can potentially mitigate therapy-induced cognitive decline (chemo-brain) in ovarian cancer patients through Nrf2-mediated neuroprotection.
- Ginger extracellular vesicles (ID: 42548959) and their use in modulating inflammatory microenvironments.
- Nrf2-mediated neuroprotection in neurodegenerative/ischemic states (ID: 41772164).
- Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
- GEVs act as versatile nanoplatforms capable of scavenging excessive ROS. Since the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway is a central regulator of ROS-mediated neurodegeneration, GEV-mediated ROS depletion might indirectly preserve Nrf2 signaling capacity in the brain, thereby preventing cognitive decline following platinum-based chemotherapy.

### Contradictions Between Evidences
- There is no direct contradiction; the components exist in separate study domains (inflammatory therapy vs. cancer drug delivery) but show complementary properties.
- Conflicting findings regarding the efficacy of MSC-derived secretome on renal apoptosis; some studies suggest potential anti-inflammatory effects, while others report no significant differences in specific markers (ID: 42592982).

### Repurposed Solutions
- Repurposing GDEVs as a non-toxic carrier for localized delivery of chemotherapeutics or RNA-based payloads to the peritoneal cavity in ovarian cancer management.
- The use of borneol (traditionally for stroke) as a permeability enhancer for ovarian cancer nanocarriers.

## Evaluation Scoring Reference
All analyzed perspectives utilize a standardized 1-7 scoring framework:
- Alignment Score (1-7): How well does the evaluated claim factually align with the provided evidence set?
  [1 = Evidence proves claim strictly false, 2 = Evidence indicates the claim is impossible, 3 = Implausible, 4 = Neutral/Unrelated, 5 = Plausible, 6 = Evidence indicates inevitable, 7 = Evidence proves claim strictly true]
- Consilience Score (1-7): How consilient (in agreement) is the evidence set regarding this claim?
  [1 = Highly Conflicting/Disputed, 4 = Mixed, 7 = Unanimous Agreement]
- Confidence Score (1-7): Implied confidence of the research based on study design and depth.
  [1 = In Vitro/Animal/Preprint, 4 = Observational/Moderate, 7 = Meta-analysis/RCT]

## Evaluated Perspectives & Findings
### Perspective R1: Claim [Run1 Eval1 Synthesis] evaluated against Evidence [N/A]
- Alignment Score: 5/7
- Consilience Score: 6/7
- Directional Logic: High Score = SUPPORTS Original Claim
Even though this fact check looked at unique up-to-date abstracts, new evidence may refute this answer in the future. Although "Zero Hallucinated Moneyshot Quotes" is programmatically enforced, AI is not always immune to inadvertently/erroneously misinterpreting data. This is not medical or professional advice, but instead, is an opinion calculated by AI based on the literature evaluated.

###[CLAIM EVALUATED AND ANSWER TO USER]
Hypothesis: Intraperitoneal administration of a thermoresponsive hydrogel loaded with borneol-functionalized ginger derived extracellular vesicles (Moxibustion-Modified GDEVs) may provide a sustained, localized delivery to ovarian tumors, potentially enhancing deep tissue penetration and inducing apoptosis without systemic chemotoxicity.

The proposed hypothesis regarding "Moxibustion-Modified GDEVs" is partially supported by existing literature regarding individual components, but the specific configuration (borneol-functionalized, thermoresponsive hydrogel-encapsulated GDEVs for intraperitoneal ovarian delivery) is not explicitly substantiated. Literature confirms the efficacy of GDEVs as anti-inflammatory agents and the development of stimuli-responsive hydrogels for drug delivery, yet the specific conjugation of borneol to GDEVs and their subsequent encapsulation into a thermoresponsive hydrogel for intraperitoneal ovarian therapy represents an untested, though conceptually plausible, integration of independent experimental frameworks.

### [ABSTRACT & REWRITTEN CLAIM]
This assessment evaluates the translational potential of combining ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (GDEVs) with thermoresponsive hydrogel delivery systems for the management of ovarian cancer. While components of this drug delivery system have demonstrated efficacy in isolation—such as GDEVs for anti-inflammatory purposes and thermoresponsive platforms for controlled drug release—the comprehensive platform hypothesized requires future validation through integrative experimental models.

### [INTRODUCTION & JUSTIFICATION]
The management of ovarian cancer is frequently hindered by poor bioavailability and systemic toxicity. Current research has identified "Ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (GDEVs) have emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory agent with advantages such as oral bioavailability, natural origin, and cost-effective large-scale production." These vehicles exhibit stability and potential for cellular uptake. Furthermore, "The system exhibited a dual-mode release profile, with sustained release at physiological skin temperature (33 °C) and accelerated release under mild heating (40 °C), allowing externally triggered control of release kinetics." By engineering such platforms, one may potentially address "the tendency for cancer cells to metastasise to the peritoneum still results in poor prognosis." The proposed hypothesis aims to leverage GDEVs for localized delivery. However, gaps remain, as the provided context does not explicitly document borneol-functionalization for GDEVs, necessitating cautious extrapolation. The integration of "bio-inspired drug delivery systems" as described in the context literature supports the potential efficacy of such nanocarriers to achieve therapeutic targets while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.

### [DISCUSSION: NOVEL & OVERLOOKED]
*   GDEVs retain therapeutic anti-inflammatory properties, making them candidates for modulating the tumor microenvironment.
*   Thermoresponsive hydrogels facilitate controlled delivery, potentially reducing systemic exposure.
*   The use of native plant-derived materials offers a scalable alternative to synthetic nanocarriers.
*   Preclinical evidence in diverse cancer models supports the use of membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for improved tumor-targeting specificity.
*   Combination therapies using natural products and chemotherapeutics often overcome the resistance mechanisms associated with conventional platinum-based treatments.
*   The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical determinant of drug delivery efficiency, where mechanical barriers and fluid pressure significantly affect intratumoral distribution.
*   Current research is shifting towards "biomimetic conductive cardiac patch" and similar adaptive materials, which underscores the maturity of hydrogel engineering for diverse tissue-specific applications.
*   The use of "small interfering RNA (siRNA)" within nanovesicles validates the capacity to carry both chemical and genetic payloads for dual-mode therapy.

### [EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS]
1. ID: 41674725 - Application: Validates the therapeutic utility of GDEVs. ID: 41674725 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (GDEVs) have emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory agent with advantages such as oral bioavailability, natural origin, and cost-effective large-scale production."
2. ID: 42612357 - Application: Validates thermoresponsive platform capabilities. ID: 42612357 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "The system exhibited a dual-mode release profile, with sustained release at physiological skin temperature (33 °C) and accelerated release under mild heating (40 °C), allowing externally triggered control of release kinetics."
3. ID: 41264094 - Application: Discusses peritoneal metastasis in ovarian cancer. ID: 41264094 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "In vitro experiments showed that the construction of the ITGA4B2/AEP ternary complex contributed to the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer by activating the IL-17 and NF-kappa B signalling pathways."
4. ID: 41193854 - Application: Discusses therapeutic targeting in ovarian cancer. ID: 41193854 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "The UCHL1 inhibitor, LDN-57444, reduced the cell metabolic activity of ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells with high UCHL1 levels."
5. ID: 42617011 - Application: Discusses radiation-related molecular pathology. ID: 42617011 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Radiation also promotes matrix metalloproteinase activation, chronic pulpal hypoxia, mitochondrial oxidative injury, and senescence of salivary gland progenitor cells, impairing tissue regeneration."
6. ID: 42616778 - Application: Discusses mitochondrial regulation of ferroptosis. ID: 42616778 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "MCU-dependent production of metabolite acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) supports the normal function of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a critical gatekeeper of ferroptosis."
7. ID: 42616665 - Application: Discusses machine-learning in clinical risk prediction. ID: 42616665 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "A transparent, externally validated seven-variable model provides individualised DXA-defined osteoporosis risk estimation in pSS and may help clinicians prioritise bone density testing during routine visits."
8. ID: 42616599 - Application: Discusses virus-induced pyroptosis pathways. ID: 42616599 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "PBLD promotes pyroptosis in bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV3)- or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-triggered HeLa cells, along with BPIV3- or bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)-infected BHK-21 cells, as manifested by increased hallmark features of pyroptosis, including cell swelling, plasma membrane disintegration, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and reduced cell survival."
9. ID: 42616517 - Application: Discusses high-toughness hydrogel synthesis. ID: 42616517 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Through the synergistic effect of annealing and salting out via solvent replacement of Li2SO4, the PGEH-ALi-conductive hydrogels are fabricated with excellent mechanical properties (9.7 MPa of tensile strength, 5316.5% of elongation at break, and 293.99 MJ/m3 of toughness) and outstanding environmental stability."
10. ID: 42616445 - Application: Discusses natural edible nanocarriers for ulcerative colitis. ID: 42616445 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Overall, this study developed an oral nanosystem based on natural edible materials, providing an ideal delivery strategy for plant polyphenol-based active ingredients in treating ulcerative colitis."
11. ID: 42616390 - Application: Discusses hydrogel foam for intervertebral disc repair. ID: 42616390 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "IHF integrates biomechanics and zero-order release of biologics within a single system, offering a promising platform for IVDD treatment."
12. ID: 42616336 - Application: Discusses green-synthesized nanocomposites. ID: 42616336 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "These findings highlight the broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy and strong pro-apoptotic anticancer potential of green-synthesized chitosan-MgO@Ag NCs, suggesting their applicability in biomedical, therapeutic, and antimicrobial formulations."
13. ID: 42616280 - Application: Discusses synthetic biology tools. ID: 42616280 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "By constructing artificial genetic circuits, functional cells, and biomaterial systems both in vitro and in vivo, synthetic biology markedly enhances diagnostic sensitivity, therapeutic targeting, and clinical benefit."
14. ID: 42616243 - Application: Discusses Piezo1 mechanosensitive channels. ID: 42616243 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Accumulating evidence indicates that mutations or dysregulation of Piezo1 are closely associated with a variety of human diseases, including genetic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer."
15. ID: 42616200 - Application: Discusses vitamins in Huntington's disease. ID: 42616200 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "In vivo research reflects the antioxidant potential of vitamins and also functions as an integral part of various metabolic processes of the body that play a vital role in the pathology of Huntington's disease."
16. ID: 42616093 - Application: Discusses CAD-based anatomical modeling. ID: 42616093 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "The resulting 3D CAD geometry serves as a reusable reference for comparative studies, methodological validation, early-stage device development, and training in endovascular neurosurgery, without aiming to replace patient-specific models."
17. ID: 42616070 - Application: Discusses nanocarrier physicochemical properties. ID: 42616070 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "At pH 4.5, particle sizes were 40 nm with folic acid and 164 nm without folic acid; corresponding zeta potentials were - 10.53 and - 8.88 mV, PDI values were 0.10 and 0.14, and operational encapsulation-efficiency estimates were 75.2% and 69.6%."
18. ID: 42484766 - Application: Discusses gold nanoparticle synthesis. ID: 42484766 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "AuNPs synthesized by this green method exhibited selective cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity against cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells."
19. ID: 42305079 - Application: Discusses CuS nanoplatforms for therapy. ID: 42305079 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "The prepared CuS-BSA-PpIX@SR nanoplatform possessed a uniform spherical morphology, excellent dispersibility, and high structural stability."
20. ID: 42177186 - Application: Discusses antimicrobial potential of Sm-AuNPs. ID: 42177186 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "The Sm-AuNPs reveals excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer activities and anti-viral properties."
21. ID: 42011733 - Application: Discusses HA-functionalized nanoparticles. ID: 42011733 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Hyaluronic acid (HA) was subsequently electrostatically assembled onto the nanoparticle surface to enable CD44-mediated tumor targeting."
22. ID: 41828681 - Application: Discusses MSC-derived EVs in cancer. ID: 41828681 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "BM-MSC-EVs increased cancer cell proliferation but reduced colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro."
23. ID: 41306963 - Application: Discusses engineering exosome targeting. ID: 41306963 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "To enhance exosome targeting to tumor cells, the tLyP-1 targeting peptide was displayed on NK92 cell surfaces through genetic engineering."
24. ID: 42616964 - Application: Discusses glioblastoma radiotherapy mechanisms. ID: 42616964 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "BT significantly reduced GL261 viability and proliferation while promoting apoptosis."
25. ID: 42616878 - Application: Discusses ferroptosis regulation. ID: 42616878 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Targeting this pathway may offer a new therapeutic strategy to modulate ferroptosis in cancer."
26. ID: 42616783 - Application: Discusses phospholipid peroxidation repair. ID: 42616783 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "This enzyme comprises an N-terminal lipase domain and a C-terminal lipoyl peroxidase domain."
27. ID: 42616742 - Application: Discusses heme-regulated erebosis in Drosophila. ID: 42616742 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Heme depletion by Mrp5 overexpression promotes erebosis, whereas heme accumulation by knockdown of Ho or Mrp5, or by feeding a heme precursor, suppresses it."
28. ID: 42616542 - Application: Discusses arginine therapy in SCD. ID: 42616542 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Arginine therapy did not shorten time to crisis resolution compared with placebo among children and young adults with SCD acute pain episodes."
29. ID: 42616452 - Application: Discusses multivariate nanocluster sensing. ID: 42616452 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "These two strategies ensured the sensing accuracy by self-calibration."
30. ID: 42616376 - Application: Discusses PD-L1 glycosylation aptamers. ID: 42616376 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Using natively glycosylated PD-L1 isolated from cell membranes as the selection target, we identified a panel of aptamers that can discriminate glycosylation sites on PD-L1."
31. ID: 42616369 - Application: Discusses collagenase-functionalized nanoparticles in GBM. ID: 42616369 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "TNP-collagenase combined with temozolomide (TMZ) induced significant tumor regression compared with PBS + TMZ and ferumoxytol + TMZ."
32. ID: 42616180 - Application: Discusses platelet-derived mitochondrial transfer. ID: 42616180 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Platelet-derived mitochondrial transfer in cancer metastasis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and translational opportunities."
33. ID: 42616071 - Application: Discusses quercetin as an anti-HCC agent. ID: 42616071 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "QUR dose‑dependently inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis in both HCC lines."
34. ID: 42486784 - Application: Discusses Tf-mediated targeting. ID: 42486784 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "cp-modified ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (cp-GEVs) for in situ Tf-mediated sandwich-like targeting."
35. ID: 42566833 - Application: Discusses L-SeNPs in ovarian cancer. ID: 42566833 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Mechanistically, L-SeNPs induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which subsequently resulted in DNA damage, as indicated by the accumulation of γ-H2AX."
36. ID: 42258400 - Application: Discusses Hesperidin delivery in ovarian cancer. ID: 42258400 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Hesperidin (HSP) is a polyphenolic compound employed widely in the therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)."
37. ID: 41763624 - Application: Discusses CDDP/ICG nanoplatforms. ID: 41763624 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, ICG-mediated photothermal heating not only induces tumor ablation but also enhances cellular uptake of CDDP and suppresses DNA repair mechanisms."
38. ID: 41451604 - Application: Discusses DOX/IND liposomes. ID: 41451604 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "In this study, a formulation of DOX/IND-loaded liposomes camouflaged with ovarian cancer cell membranes is successfully developed, and their stable physicochemical properties are confirmed."
39. ID: 41437382 - Application: Discusses peptide vaccines for ovarian cancer. ID: 41437382 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "We found that the size distribution of PVNLME was 72-198 nm with a mean size of 112 nm, zeta potential of + 30 mV, and 96% peptide loading."
40. ID: 42617143 - Application: Discusses cationic nanoparticles for dry eye disease. ID: 42617143 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "In a benzalkonium chloride-induced mouse model of DED, the formulation reduced ocular surface inflammation, promoted corneal epithelial repair, and produced greater mean improvements than cyclosporine under the tested regimen."
41. ID: 42616903 - Application: Discusses mitochondrial reprogramming in macrophages. ID: 42616903 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial translation or individual respiratory chain complexes variably impairs reprogramming, whereas ATP synthase inhibition uniquely triggers a heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI)-dependent integrated stress response (ISR) through mitochondrial hyperpolarization, thereby preventing IL-4/IL-13 reprogramming."
42. ID: 42616863 - Application: Discusses Ptpn2 in B cells. ID: 42616863 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Using a B cell-specific Ptpn2 knockout mouse model, we show that Ptpn2 restrains both B cell receptor and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling by directly dephosphorylating Lyn, STAT1, and STAT3."
43. ID: 42616781 - Application: Discusses heme-binding protein CYB5D1. ID: 42616781 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "More importantly, the hyperreductive intraflagellar redox shift in the cyb5d1 mutant increases cis-flagellar Ca2+ spike frequency and amplitude, similar to reductive treatment of wild-type flagella, resulting in the loss of flagellar beating coordination."
44. ID: 42616774 - Application: Discusses USP14 in HNSCC metastasis. ID: 42616774 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "USP14-dependent deubiquitination of MTDH activates NF-κB signaling, which drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition and supports cancer stem cells maintenance, ultimately strengthening HNSCC metastasis and chemoresistance."
45. ID: 42616709 - Application: Discusses neuropeptide visualization. ID: 42616709 indicates the claim is overall plausible (Alignment with this ID: 5) - "Released neuropeptides were successfully visualized by inserting the 16-amino acid GFP11 tag to the sequence of neuropeptides of interest and complementing it with extracellular GFP1-10 fused to a membrane anchor protein, CD4."



### Perspective R2: Claim [Run2 Eval1 Synthesis] evaluated against Evidence [N/A]
- Alignment Score: 5/7
- Consilience Score: 6/7
- Directional Logic: High Score = SUPPORTS Original Claim
Even though this fact check looked at unique up-to-date abstracts, new evidence may refute this answer in the future. Although "Zero Hallucinated Moneyshot Quotes" is programmatically enforced, AI is not always immune to inadvertently/erroneously misinterpreting data. This is not medical or professional advice, but instead, is an opinion calculated by AI based on the literature evaluated.

###[CLAIM EVALUATED AND ANSWER TO USER]
"Hypothesis: Intraperitoneal administration of a thermoresponsive hydrogel loaded with borneol-functionalized ginger derived extracellular vesicles (Moxibustion-Modified GDEVs) may provide a sustained, localized delivery to ovarian tumors, potentially enhancing deep tissue penetration and inducing apoptosis without systemic chemotoxicity."

The provided literature supports the components of this hypothetical delivery platform (borneol-functionalization, ginger-derived vesicles, and thermoresponsive hydrogels for intraperitoneal delivery) individually, but the specific combination (Moxibustion-Modified GDEVs) is not explicitly detailed. The proposed platform is mechanistically plausible given evidence of GEV thermal reassembly, borneol’s role in promoting cellular uptake, and hydrogel-mediated localized delivery.

### [ABSTRACT & REWRITTEN CLAIM]
The synthesis of an intraperitoneal, thermoresponsive hydrogel delivery platform utilizing borneol-functionalized ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (GDEVs) aims to optimize ovarian cancer therapy by facilitating sustained drug retention, deep tumor penetration, and controlled apoptosis, thereby mitigating systemic toxicity inherent in conventional chemotherapy.

### [INTRODUCTION & JUSTIFICATION]
Current treatment strategies for ovarian cancer are constrained by poor bioavailability and the systemic toxicity associated with conventional administration. Evidence supports the use of ginger-derived nanovesicles, which exhibit high biocompatibility and, following thermal processing, demonstrate enhanced tissue-specific accumulation. Borneol acts as an effective permeability enhancer, facilitating blood-brain barrier traversal and cellular uptake. Furthermore, thermoresponsive hydrogels are established as effective localized delivery matrices that prolong drug retention at intraperitoneal sites. By integrating these systems, the proposed platform seeks to capitalize on the synergistic effects of targeted vesicle accumulation, facilitated tissue penetration, and sustained delivery of therapeutic agents to induce tumor apoptosis while limiting off-target systemic injury.

### [DISCUSSION: NOVEL & OVERLOOKED]
*   Thermal processing (boiling) reconfigures ginger extracellular vesicles (GEVs) into thermally reassembled GEVs (T-GEVs) with enhanced trafficking regulator enrichment.
*   T-GEVs demonstrate an 8.57-fold increase in clathrin-dependent cellular uptake in intestinal cells compared to native vesicles.
*   Carrier-free pure drug crystal depots can provide sustained ocular delivery for at least eight months.
*   Borneol-functionalized nanoparticles efficiently traverse the blood-brain barrier and restore redox homeostasis in cerebral ischemic models.
*   Systematic identification of host genes essential for bacterial invasion provides a robust pipeline for novel therapeutic target discovery.
*   Tumor-derived parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is associated with the suppression of multiple cytochrome P450 enzyme families, impacting chemotherapy pharmacokinetics.
*   Synergistic effects of NMN supplementation enhance MSLN CAR-NK cell persistence and cytotoxic potency against ovarian cancer.

### [EVIDENCE, METHODOLOGY & CITATIONS]
1. ID: 42548959 - Application: Discusses thermal processing of ginger vesicles and increased uptake. - "boiling as a simple thermal processing approach that structurally reconfigures ginger extracellular vesicles (GEVs) into functionally enhanced, thermally reassembled GEVs (T-GEVs)."
2. ID: 42548959 - Application: Details the uptake enhancement of T-GEVs. - "This specific composition drives their tissue-specific accumulation in the intestine and liver and potentiates clathrin-dependent cellular uptake in intestinal cells by 8.57-fold."
3. ID: 41325304 - Application: Discusses Borneol's role in uptake. - "Natural borneol, a monoterpenoid compound, potentiates selenocystine-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by enhancement of cellular uptake and activation of ROS-mediated DNA damage."
4. ID: 42526828 - Application: Sustained drug release. - "Furthermore, real-time fluorescence tracking verifies the sustained release of encapsulated macromolecular drugs for over 35 days."
5. ID: 42150269 - Application: Intraperitoneal administration efficacy. - "Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that intraperitoneal (IP) administration achieved favorable bioavailability and sustained plasma drug level (prolonged T1/2) compared to oral dosing, and produced remarkably high concentrations in both ovary (28,810 ng/g) and peritoneal fluid (922,500 ng/mL), both notably exceeding in vitro IC50 values."
6. ID: 42530258 - Application: Implantable microsphere system for EV release. - "We engineered an implantable alginate-microsphere system encapsulating EV-secreting MSCs and displaying the RGD-4C peptide (ACDCRGDCFC) on its surface."
7. ID: 42530258 - Application: Bioreactor for targeted EV delivery. - "This platform functions as a bioreactor that sustains the release of functionalized EVs with enhanced targeting to the ischemic brain."
8. ID: 41924452 - Application: Ferroptosis induction. - "The release of DHA induced ferroptosis through lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion, enhancing oxidative stress."
9. ID: 42547952 - Application: HDAC2-mediated cisplatin resistance. - "HDAC2 enhances cisplatin resistance in OC by deacetylating and stabilising SMAD7 protein, thereby activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and promoting DNA damage repair."
10. ID: 42589399 - Application: Synergistic cytotoxicity in OVCAR3. - "In 3D OVCAR3 tumor spheroids, the RA + Gem combination significantly reduced spheroid viability, disrupted spheroid architecture, and increased dead-cell accumulation compared with single-agent treatments."
11. ID: 42566833 - Application: ROS-mediated apoptosis in OC cells. - "L-SeNPs exert potent antitumor effects in ovarian cancer cells by inducing ROS-mediated DNA damage and activating the FOXO3a-GADD45A axis, thereby triggering mitochondrial apoptosis and suppressing tumor cell proliferation."
12. ID: 41017563 - Application: Paracrine signaling via exosomes. - "The regenerative effects of MSCs are mediated through paracrine signaling, primarily via their secretome, which includes extracellular vesicles and soluble factors, especially exosomes."
13. ID: 41306963 - Application: Targeting specificity of modified exosomes. - "tLyP-1-modified exosomes exhibited enhanced tumor-targeting specificity and exerted anti-tumor effects via the miR-31-5p-GPRC5A axis."
14. ID: 42600763 - Application: ROS-responsive hydrogel for sustained release. - "To facilitate clinical translation, a ROS-responsive PBA-HAMA/PVA hydrogel was developed for the sustained delivery of SCEVs to diabetic wounds, accelerating closure within 15 days."
15. ID: 41186349 - Application: Sequential drug release in hydrogels. - "In this system, the shell layer is loaded with the DYRK1B inhibitor AZ191, which is released preferentially to disrupt drug-resistant signaling pathways and sensitize tumor cells."
16. ID: 42260763 - Application: Plant-derived nanovesicles usage. - "PDVLNs sourced from ginger, grapes, green tea, and Brucea javanica have been successfully applied in monotherapy, combination therapy, and targeted drug delivery."
17. ID: 41416955 - Application: Enhanced drug degradation via EVs. - "Intraperitoneal injections of YX968 loaded EVs led to significantly enhanced intratumoral degradation of HDAC3 and HDAC8 than YX986 alone, which resulted in advanced TNBC tumour inhibition without noticeable tissue toxicity."
18. ID: 41264094 - Application: Uptake and apoptosis of Si/TP@Exos. - "In vitro results indicated that Si/TP@Exos were efficiently taken up by ovarian cancer cells, thus significantly enhancing the apoptosis of tumor cells."
19. ID: 42582078 - Application: Targeted tumor therapy in xenograft models. - "In vivo experiments using ectopic and orthotopic xenograft models verified that this system can efficiently target tumor tissues and significantly suppress the progression and metastasis of drug-resistant tumors, with no obvious toxic side effects on major organs."
20. ID: 41174039 - Application: IL-12 targeting in ovarian cancer. - "Covalent anchoring of the potent immunostimulatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) to phospholipid headgroups of the liposome core enabled the polymer-coated particles to concentrate IL-12 in disseminated ovarian cancer tumours following intraperitoneal administration."
21. ID: 42589708 - Application: PKM2 inhibition strategy. - "Targeting PKM2 with inhibitors such as shikonin or compound 3K may represent a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve therapeutic outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian cancer."
22. ID: 42583349 - Application: Liquid biopsy-based diagnostics. - "The ability of PDPN⁺ sEVs to circulate in ascitic fluid and peripheral blood positions them as promising candidates for liquid biopsy-based diagnostics."
23. ID: 42595793 - Application: CAR-NK cell efficacy enhancement. - "Critically, in an OVCAR8-MSLN xenograft model, adoptive transfer of NMN-preconditioned CAR-NK cells led to superior tumor control, reduced proliferation (Ki67), diminished angiogenesis (CD31), and enhanced intratumoral CAR-NK infiltration compared with controls."
24. ID: 41588372 - Application: Cytotoxicity of ELP nanocarriers. - "A60-PTX demonstrated superior cytotoxicity, with ~ 2.6-fold and ~ 1.4-fold lower IC50 values than E60-PTX in SKOV-3 (47 nM vs. 120 nM) and OVCAR-3 (45 nM vs. 62 nM), respectively."
25. ID: 41151893 - Application: Ultrasound-mediated drug unbinding. - "FUS can reversibly unbind PTX from albumin, increasing its bioavailability specifically at tumor sites."
26. ID: 42590851 - Application: Antioxidant modulatory effect. - "Antioxidant co-treatment partially restored redox balance and attenuated alterations in intrinsic apoptosis-associated protein markers."
27. ID: 42602668 - Application: HA@Cel/NPs in colorectal cancer. - "Orally administered HA@Cel/NPs alleviated UC severity and suppressed CAC progression, with significantly reduced tumor burden."
28. ID: 42606062 - Application: Quercetin-mediated wound repair. - "Quercetin markedly improved diabetic wound repair by facilitating M2 macrophage polarization, promoting ROS elimination, and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation."
29. ID: 42557703 - Application: Magnesium-based biomaterials. - "The composite achieves controlled co-release of magnesium ions (Mg2+) and hydrogen gas (H2)."
30. ID: 41828681 - Application: MSC-EV influence on cancer cell proliferation. - "BM-MSC-EVs increased cancer cell proliferation but reduced colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro."
31. ID: 42616444 - Application: Antithrombotic peptide efficacy. - "FPGGIP exerted ex vivo anticoagulation, suppressed vascular smooth muscle proliferation, relieved oxidative stress, recovered cell apoptosis, alleviated endothelial activation, blocked platelet aggregation, and showed low hemolysis (

## Logical Systems Map (Logical Gates)
- "Extracellular Vesicles" -> "Nanocarriers"
- "Extracellular Vesicles" -> "Hydrogels"
- "Hydrogels" -> "Delayed-Action Preparations"
- "Borneol/GEVs" -> "Enhanced Cellular Uptake"
- "Enhanced Cellular Uptake" -> "Apoptosis Induction"
- "Apoptosis Induction" -> "Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions"

## Verified Verbatim Quotes
- "cp-modified ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (cp-GEVs) for in situ Tf-mediated sandwich-like targeting."
- "IHF integrates biomechanics and zero-order release of biologics within a single system, offering a promising platform for IVDD treatment."
- "AuNPs synthesized by this green method exhibited selective cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity against cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells."
- "The prepared CuS-BSA-PpIX@SR nanoplatform possessed a uniform spherical morphology, excellent dispersibility, and high structural stability."
- "The Sm-AuNPs reveals excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer activities and anti-viral properties."
- "Hyaluronic acid (HA) was subsequently electrostatically assembled onto the nanoparticle surface to enable CD44-mediated tumor targeting."
- "BM-MSC-EVs increased cancer cell proliferation but reduced colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro."
- "To enhance exosome targeting to tumor cells, the tLyP-1 targeting peptide was displayed on NK92 cell surfaces through genetic engineering."
- "BT significantly reduced GL261 viability and proliferation while promoting apoptosis."
- "Targeting this pathway may offer a new therapeutic strategy to modulate ferroptosis in cancer."
- "This enzyme comprises an N-terminal lipase domain and a C-terminal lipoyl peroxidase domain."
- "Heme depletion by Mrp5 overexpression promotes erebosis, whereas heme accumulation by knockdown of Ho or Mrp5, or by feeding a heme precursor, suppresses it."
- "Arginine therapy did not shorten time to crisis resolution compared with placebo among children and young adults with SCD acute pain episodes."
- "These two strategies ensured the sensing accuracy by self-calibration."
- "Using natively glycosylated PD-L1 isolated from cell membranes as the selection target, we identified a panel of aptamers that can discriminate glycosylation sites on PD-L1."
- "TNP-collagenase combined with temozolomide (TMZ) induced significant tumor regression compared with PBS + TMZ and ferumoxytol + TMZ."
- "Platelet-derived mitochondrial transfer in cancer metastasis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and translational opportunities."
- "QUR dose‑dependently inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis in both HCC lines."
- "Ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (GDEVs) have emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory agent with advantages such as oral bioavailability, natural origin, and cost-effective large-scale production."
- "IHF integrates biomechanics and zero-order release of biologics within a single system, offering a promising platform for IVDD treatment."
- "The system exhibited a dual-mode release profile, with sustained release at physiological skin temperature (33 °C) and accelerated release under mild heating (40 °C), allowing externally triggered control of release kinetics."
- "AuNPs synthesized by this green method exhibited selective cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity against cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells."
- "The prepared CuS-BSA-PpIX@SR nanoplatform possessed a uniform spherical morphology, excellent dispersibility, and high structural stability."
- "The Sm-AuNPs reveals excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer activities and anti-viral properties."
- "Hyaluronic acid (HA) was subsequently electrostatically assembled onto the nanoparticle surface to enable CD44-mediated tumor targeting."
- "BM-MSC-EVs increased cancer cell proliferation but reduced colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro."
- "To enhance exosome targeting to tumor cells, the tLyP-1 targeting peptide was displayed on NK92 cell surfaces through genetic engineering."
- "BT significantly reduced GL261 viability and proliferation while promoting apoptosis."
- "Targeting this pathway may offer a new therapeutic strategy to modulate ferroptosis in cancer."
- "This enzyme comprises an N-terminal lipase domain and a C-terminal lipoyl peroxidase domain."
- "Heme depletion by Mrp5 overexpression promotes erebosis, whereas heme accumulation by knockdown of Ho or Mrp5, or by feeding a heme precursor, suppresses it."
- "Arginine therapy did not shorten time to crisis resolution compared with placebo among children and young adults with SCD acute pain episodes."
- "These two strategies ensured the sensing accuracy by self-calibration."
- "Using natively glycosylated PD-L1 isolated from cell membranes as the selection target, we identified a panel of aptamers that can discriminate glycosylation sites on PD-L1."
- "TNP-collagenase combined with temozolomide (TMZ) induced significant tumor regression compared with PBS + TMZ and ferumoxytol + TMZ."
- "Platelet-derived mitochondrial transfer in cancer metastasis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and translational opportunities."
- "QUR dose‑dependently inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis in both HCC lines."
- "Ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (GDEVs) have emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory agent with advantages such as oral bioavailability, natural origin, and cost-effective large-scale production."
- "The system exhibited a dual-mode release profile, with sustained release at physiological skin temperature (33 °C) and accelerated release under mild heating (40 °C), allowing externally triggered control of release kinetics."
- "In vitro experiments showed that the construction of the ITGA4B2/AEP ternary complex contributed to the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer by activating the IL-17 and NF-kappa B signalling pathways."
- "The UCHL1 inhibitor, LDN-57444, reduced the cell metabolic activity of ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells with high UCHL1 levels."
- "Radiation also promotes matrix metalloproteinase activation, chronic pulpal hypoxia, mitochondrial oxidative injury, and senescence of salivary gland progenitor cells, impairing tissue regeneration."
- "MCU-dependent production of metabolite acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) supports the normal function of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a critical gatekeeper of ferroptosis."
- "A transparent, externally validated seven-variable model provides individualised DXA-defined osteoporosis risk estimation in pSS and may help clinicians prioritise bone density testing during routine visits."
- "PBLD promotes pyroptosis in bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV3)- or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-triggered HeLa cells, along with BPIV3- or bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)-infected BHK-21 cells, as manifested by increased hallmark features of pyroptosis, including cell swelling, plasma membrane disintegration, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and reduced cell survival."
- "Through the synergistic effect of annealing and salting out via solvent replacement of Li2SO4, the PGEH-ALi-conductive hydrogels are fabricated with excellent mechanical properties (9.7 MPa of tensile strength, 5316.5% of elongation at break, and 293.99 MJ/m3 of toughness) and outstanding environmental stability."
- "Overall, this study developed an oral nanosystem based on natural edible materials, providing an ideal delivery strategy for plant polyphenol-based active ingredients in treating ulcerative colitis."
- "These findings highlight the broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy and strong pro-apoptotic anticancer potential of green-synthesized chitosan-MgO@Ag NCs, suggesting their applicability in biomedical, therapeutic, and antimicrobial formulations."
- "By constructing artificial genetic circuits, functional cells, and biomaterial systems both in vitro and in vivo, synthetic biology markedly enhances diagnostic sensitivity, therapeutic targeting, and clinical benefit."
- "Accumulating evidence indicates that mutations or dysregulation of Piezo1 are closely associated with a variety of human diseases, including genetic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer."
- "In vivo research reflects the antioxidant potential of vitamins and also functions as an integral part of various metabolic processes of the body that play a vital role in the pathology of Huntington's disease."
- "The resulting 3D CAD geometry serves as a reusable reference for comparative studies, methodological validation, early-stage device development, and training in endovascular neurosurgery, without aiming to replace patient-specific models."
- "At pH 4.5, particle sizes were 40 nm with folic acid and 164 nm without folic acid; corresponding zeta potentials were - 10.53 and - 8.88 mV, PDI values were 0.10 and 0.14, and operational encapsulation-efficiency estimates were 75.2% and 69.6%."
- "The system consists of a gelatin and poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate microneedle matrix, lidocaine-loaded liposomes, and a flexible pullulan backing layer."
- "cp-modified ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (cp-GEVs) for in situ Tf-mediated sandwich-like targeting."
- "Mechanistically, L-SeNPs induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which subsequently resulted in DNA damage, as indicated by the accumulation of γ-H2AX."
- "Hesperidin (HSP) is a polyphenolic compound employed widely in the therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)."
- "Under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, ICG-mediated photothermal heating not only induces tumor ablation but also enhances cellular uptake of CDDP and suppresses DNA repair mechanisms."
- "In this study, a formulation of DOX/IND-loaded liposomes camouflaged with ovarian cancer cell membranes is successfully developed, and their stable physicochemical properties are confirmed."
- "We found that the size distribution of PVNLME was 72-198 nm with a mean size of 112 nm, zeta potential of + 30 mV, and 96% peptide loading."
- "Ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (GDEVs) have emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory agent with advantages such as oral bioavailability, natural origin, and cost-effective large-scale production."
- "The system exhibited a dual-mode release profile, with sustained release at physiological skin temperature (33 °C) and accelerated release under mild heating (40 °C), allowing externally triggered control of release kinetics."
- "In vitro experiments showed that the construction of the ITGA4B2/AEP ternary complex contributed to the peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer by activating the IL-17 and NF-kappa B signalling pathways."
- "The UCHL1 inhibitor, LDN-57444, reduced the cell metabolic activity of ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells with high UCHL1 levels."
- "Radiation also promotes matrix metalloproteinase activation, chronic pulpal hypoxia, mitochondrial oxidative injury, and senescence of salivary gland progenitor cells, impairing tissue regeneration."
- "MCU-dependent production of metabolite acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) supports the normal function of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a critical gatekeeper of ferroptosis."
- "A transparent, externally validated seven-variable model provides individualised DXA-defined osteoporosis risk estimation in pSS and may help clinicians prioritise bone density testing during routine visits."
- "PBLD promotes pyroptosis in bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV3)- or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-triggered HeLa cells, along with BPIV3- or bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV)-infected BHK-21 cells, as manifested by increased hallmark features of pyroptosis, including cell swelling, plasma membrane disintegration, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and reduced cell survival."
- "Through the synergistic effect of annealing and salting out via solvent replacement of Li2SO4, the PGEH-ALi-conductive hydrogels are fabricated with excellent mechanical properties (9.7 MPa of tensile strength, 5316.5% of elongation at break, and 293.99 MJ/m3 of toughness) and outstanding environmental stability."
- "Overall, this study developed an oral nanosystem based on natural edible materials, providing an ideal delivery strategy for plant polyphenol-based active ingredients in treating ulcerative colitis."
- "IHF integrates biomechanics and zero-order release of biologics within a single system, offering a promising platform for IVDD treatment."
- "These findings highlight the broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy and strong pro-apoptotic anticancer potential of green-synthesized chitosan-MgO@Ag NCs, suggesting their applicability in biomedical, therapeutic, and antimicrobial formulations."
- "By constructing artificial genetic circuits, functional cells, and biomaterial systems both in vitro and in vivo, synthetic biology markedly enhances diagnostic sensitivity, therapeutic targeting, and clinical benefit."
- "Accumulating evidence indicates that mutations or dysregulation of Piezo1 are closely associated with a variety of human diseases, including genetic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer."
- "In vivo research reflects the antioxidant potential of vitamins and also functions as an integral part of various metabolic processes of the body that play a vital role in the pathology of Huntington's disease."
- "The resulting 3D CAD geometry serves as a reusable reference for comparative studies, methodological validation, early-stage device development, and training in endovascular neurosurgery, without aiming to replace patient-specific models."
- "At pH 4.5, particle sizes were 40 nm with folic acid and 164 nm without folic acid; corresponding zeta potentials were - 10.53 and - 8.88 mV, PDI values were 0.10 and 0.14, and operational encapsulation-efficiency estimates were 75.2% and 69.6%."
- "AuNPs synthesized by this green method exhibited selective cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity against cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells."
- "The prepared CuS-BSA-PpIX@SR nanoplatform possessed a uniform spherical morphology, excellent dispersibility, and high structural stability."
- "The Sm-AuNPs reveals excellent antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer activities and anti-viral properties."
- "Hyaluronic acid (HA) was subsequently electrostatically assembled onto the nanoparticle surface to enable CD44-mediated tumor targeting."
- "BM-MSC-EVs increased cancer cell proliferation but reduced colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro."
- "To enhance exosome targeting to tumor cells, the tLyP-1 targeting peptide was displayed on NK92 cell surfaces through genetic engineering."
- "BT significantly reduced GL261 viability and proliferation while promoting apoptosis."
- "Targeting this pathway may offer a new therapeutic strategy to modulate ferroptosis in cancer."
- "This enzyme comprises an N-terminal lipase domain and a C-terminal lipoyl peroxidase domain."
- "Heme depletion by Mrp5 overexpression promotes erebosis, whereas heme accumulation by knockdown of Ho or Mrp5, or by feeding a heme precursor, suppresses it."
- "Arginine therapy did not shorten time to crisis resolution compared with placebo among children and young adults with SCD acute pain episodes."
- "These two strategies ensured the sensing accuracy by self-calibration."
- "Using natively glycosylated PD-L1 isolated from cell membranes as the selection target, we identified a panel of aptamers that can discriminate glycosylation sites on PD-L1."
- "TNP-collagenase combined with temozolomide (TMZ) induced significant tumor regression compared with PBS + TMZ and ferumoxytol + TMZ."
- "Platelet-derived mitochondrial transfer in cancer metastasis: mechanisms, functional consequences, and translational opportunities."
- "QUR dose‑dependently inhibited proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis in both HCC lines."
- "Ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (GDEVs) have emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory agent with advantages such as oral bioavailability, natural origin, and cost-effective large-scale production."
- "The system exhibited a dual-mode release profile, with sustained release at physiological skin temperature (33 °C) and accelerated release under mild heating (40 °C), allowing externally triggered control of release kinetics."
- "cp-modified ginger-derived extracellular vesicles (cp-GEVs) for in situ Tf-mediated sandwich-like targeting."
- "Mechanistically, L-SeNPs induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, which subsequently resulted in DNA damage, as indicated by the accumulation of γ-H2AX."
- "Hesperidin (HSP) is a polyphenolic compound employed widely in the therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)."
- "Under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, ICG-mediated photothermal heating not only induces tumor ablation but also enhances cellular uptake of CDDP and suppresses DNA repair mechanisms."
- "In this study, a formulation of DOX/IND-loaded liposomes camouflaged with ovarian cancer cell membranes is successfully developed, and their stable physicochemical properties are confirmed."
- "We found that the size distribution of PVNLME was 72-198 nm with a mean size of 112 nm, zeta potential of + 30 mV, and 96% peptide loading."
- "In a benzalkonium chloride-induced mouse model of DED, the formulation reduced ocular surface inflammation, promoted corneal epithelial repair, and produced greater mean improvements than cyclosporine under the tested regimen."
- "We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial translation or individual respiratory chain complexes variably impairs reprogramming, whereas ATP synthase inhibition uniquely triggers a heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI)-dependent integrated stress response (ISR) through mitochondrial hyperpolarization, thereby preventing IL-4/IL-13 reprogramming."
- "Using a B cell-specific Ptpn2 knockout mouse model, we show that Ptpn2 restrains both B cell receptor and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling by directly dephosphorylating Lyn, STAT1, and STAT3."
- "More importantly, the hyperreductive intraflagellar redox shift in the cyb5d1 mutant increases cis-flagellar Ca2+ spike frequency and amplitude, similar to reductive treatment of wild-type flagella, resulting in the loss of flagellar beating coordination."
- "Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that intraperitoneal (IP) administration achieved favorable bioavailability and sustained plasma drug level (prolonged T1/2) compared to oral dosing, and produced remarkably high concentrations in both ovary (28,810 ng/g) and peritoneal fluid (922,500 ng/mL), both notably exceeding in vitro IC50 values."
- "The surface architecture of T-GEVs is enriched with key vesicle trafficking regulators, including V-type proton adenosine triphosphatase subunit G, ARF1, and β-adaptin-like protein."
- "This specific composition drives their tissue-specific accumulation in the intestine and liver and potentiates clathrin-dependent cellular uptake in intestinal cells by 8.57-fold."
- "Furthermore, real-time fluorescence tracking verifies the sustained release of encapsulated macromolecular drugs for over 35 days."
- "We engineered an implantable alginate-microsphere system encapsulating EV-secreting MSCs and displaying the RGD-4C peptide (ACDCRGDCFC) on its surface."
- "This platform functions as a bioreactor that sustains the release of functionalized EVs with enhanced targeting to the ischemic brain."
- "The release of DHA induced ferroptosis through lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion, enhancing oxidative stress."
- "HDAC2 enhances cisplatin resistance in OC by deacetylating and stabilising SMAD7 protein, thereby activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and promoting DNA damage repair."
- "In 3D OVCAR3 tumor spheroids, the RA + Gem combination significantly reduced spheroid viability, disrupted spheroid architecture, and increased dead-cell accumulation compared with single-agent treatments."
- "L-SeNPs exert potent antitumor effects in ovarian cancer cells by inducing ROS-mediated DNA damage and activating the FOXO3a-GADD45A axis, thereby triggering mitochondrial apoptosis and suppressing tumor cell proliferation."
- "The regenerative effects of MSCs are mediated through paracrine signaling, primarily via their secretome, which includes extracellular vesicles and soluble factors, especially exosomes."
- "tLyP-1-modified exosomes exhibited enhanced tumor-targeting specificity and exerted anti-tumor effects via the miR-31-5p-GPRC5A axis."
- "To facilitate clinical translation, a ROS-responsive PBA-HAMA/PVA hydrogel was developed for the sustained delivery of SCEVs to diabetic wounds, accelerating closure within 15 days."
- "In this system, the shell layer is loaded with the DYRK1B inhibitor AZ191, which is released preferentially to disrupt drug-resistant signaling pathways and sensitize tumor cells."
- "PDVLNs sourced from ginger, grapes, green tea, and Brucea javanica have been successfully applied in monotherapy, combination therapy, and targeted drug delivery."
- "They can function not only as intrinsic therapeutic agents but also as targeted drug delivery systems, allowing precise homing to disease sites and delivering combined therapeutic and carrier capabilities."
- "Intraperitoneal injections of YX968 loaded EVs led to significantly enhanced intratumoral degradation of HDAC3 and HDAC8 than YX986 alone, which resulted in advanced TNBC tumour inhibition without noticeable tissue toxicity."
- "In vitro results indicated that Si/TP@Exos were efficiently taken up by ovarian cancer cells, thus significantly enhancing the apoptosis of tumor cells."
- "In vivo experiments using ectopic and orthotopic xenograft models verified that this system can efficiently target tumor tissues and significantly suppress the progression and metastasis of drug-resistant tumors, with no obvious toxic side effects on major organs."
- "Covalent anchoring of the potent immunostimulatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) to phospholipid headgroups of the liposome core enabled the polymer-coated particles to concentrate IL-12 in disseminated ovarian cancer tumours following intraperitoneal administration."
- "Targeting PKM2 with inhibitors such as shikonin or compound 3K may represent a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve therapeutic outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian cancer."
- "The ability of PDPN⁺ sEVs to circulate in ascitic fluid and peripheral blood positions them as promising candidates for liquid biopsy-based diagnostics."
- "Critically, in an OVCAR8-MSLN xenograft model, adoptive transfer of NMN-preconditioned CAR-NK cells led to superior tumor control, reduced proliferation (Ki67), diminished angiogenesis (CD31), and enhanced intratumoral CAR-NK infiltration compared with controls."
- "A60-PTX demonstrated superior cytotoxicity, with ~ 2.6-fold and ~ 1.4-fold lower IC50 values than E60-PTX in SKOV-3 (47 nM vs. 120 nM) and OVCAR-3 (45 nM vs. 62 nM), respectively."
- "FUS can reversibly unbind PTX from albumin, increasing its bioavailability specifically at tumor sites."
- "Antioxidant co-treatment partially restored redox balance and attenuated alterations in intrinsic apoptosis-associated protein markers."
- "Orally administered HA@Cel/NPs alleviated UC severity and suppressed CAC progression, with significantly reduced tumor burden."
- "Quercetin markedly improved diabetic wound repair by facilitating M2 macrophage polarization, promoting ROS elimination, and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation."
- "The composite achieves controlled co-release of magnesium ions (Mg2+) and hydrogen gas (H2)."
- "BM-MSC-EVs increased cancer cell proliferation but reduced colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro."
- "FPGGIP exerted ex vivo anticoagulation, suppressed vascular smooth muscle proliferation, relieved oxidative stress, recovered cell apoptosis, alleviated endothelial activation, blocked platelet aggregation, and showed low hemolysis (<5%)."
- "PDEVs are natural nanovesicles carrying bioactive lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and phytochemicals."
- "Trastuzumab-modified mRNA/LNPs exhibited over 100-fold greater cellular association than unmodified LNPs in cultured HER2-overexpressing SKOV-3 cells."
- "LZTFL1 expression restores cisplatin sensitivity in resistant lung and ovarian cancer cells and predicts improved survival outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma."
- "Natural borneol, a monoterpenoid compound, potentiates selenocystine-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by enhancement of cellular uptake and activation of ROS-mediated DNA damage."
- "Drug release studies with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the drug-mimetic fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) confirmed a marked temperature-triggered release above the LCST and enhanced diffusion in mildly acidic conditions (pH < 6), characteristic of solid tumors."
- "The selected hybrids significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 protein while increasing the levels of p53, caspase-7, caspase-9, and Bax."
- "boiling as a simple thermal processing approach that structurally reconfigures ginger extracellular vesicles (GEVs) into functionally enhanced, thermally reassembled GEVs (T-GEVs)."
- "This specific composition drives their tissue-specific accumulation in the intestine and liver and potentiates clathrin-dependent cellular uptake in intestinal cells by 8.57-fold."
- "Natural borneol, a monoterpenoid compound, potentiates selenocystine-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by enhancement of cellular uptake and activation of ROS-mediated DNA damage."
- "Furthermore, real-time fluorescence tracking verifies the sustained release of encapsulated macromolecular drugs for over 35 days."
- "Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that intraperitoneal (IP) administration achieved favorable bioavailability and sustained plasma drug level (prolonged T1/2) compared to oral dosing, and produced remarkably high concentrations in both ovary (28,810 ng/g) and peritoneal fluid (922,500 ng/mL), both notably exceeding in vitro IC50 values."
- "We engineered an implantable alginate-microsphere system encapsulating EV-secreting MSCs and displaying the RGD-4C peptide (ACDCRGDCFC) on its surface."
- "This platform functions as a bioreactor that sustains the release of functionalized EVs with enhanced targeting to the ischemic brain."
- "The release of DHA induced ferroptosis through lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion, enhancing oxidative stress."
- "HDAC2 enhances cisplatin resistance in OC by deacetylating and stabilising SMAD7 protein, thereby activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and promoting DNA damage repair."
- "In 3D OVCAR3 tumor spheroids, the RA + Gem combination significantly reduced spheroid viability, disrupted spheroid architecture, and increased dead-cell accumulation compared with single-agent treatments."
- "L-SeNPs exert potent antitumor effects in ovarian cancer cells by inducing ROS-mediated DNA damage and activating the FOXO3a-GADD45A axis, thereby triggering mitochondrial apoptosis and suppressing tumor cell proliferation."
- "The regenerative effects of MSCs are mediated through paracrine signaling, primarily via their secretome, which includes extracellular vesicles and soluble factors, especially exosomes."
- "tLyP-1-modified exosomes exhibited enhanced tumor-targeting specificity and exerted anti-tumor effects via the miR-31-5p-GPRC5A axis."
- "To facilitate clinical translation, a ROS-responsive PBA-HAMA/PVA hydrogel was developed for the sustained delivery of SCEVs to diabetic wounds, accelerating closure within 15 days."
- "In this system, the shell layer is loaded with the DYRK1B inhibitor AZ191, which is released preferentially to disrupt drug-resistant signaling pathways and sensitize tumor cells."
- "PDVLNs sourced from ginger, grapes, green tea, and Brucea javanica have been successfully applied in monotherapy, combination therapy, and targeted drug delivery."
- "Intraperitoneal injections of YX968 loaded EVs led to significantly enhanced intratumoral degradation of HDAC3 and HDAC8 than YX986 alone, which resulted in advanced TNBC tumour inhibition without noticeable tissue toxicity."
- "In vitro results indicated that Si/TP@Exos were efficiently taken up by ovarian cancer cells, thus significantly enhancing the apoptosis of tumor cells."
- "In vivo experiments using ectopic and orthotopic xenograft models verified that this system can efficiently target tumor tissues and significantly suppress the progression and metastasis of drug-resistant tumors, with no obvious toxic side effects on major organs."
- "Covalent anchoring of the potent immunostimulatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) to phospholipid headgroups of the liposome core enabled the polymer-coated particles to concentrate IL-12 in disseminated ovarian cancer tumours following intraperitoneal administration."
- "Targeting PKM2 with inhibitors such as shikonin or compound 3K may represent a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve therapeutic outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian cancer."
- "The ability of PDPN⁺ sEVs to circulate in ascitic fluid and peripheral blood positions them as promising candidates for liquid biopsy-based diagnostics."
- "Critically, in an OVCAR8-MSLN xenograft model, adoptive transfer of NMN-preconditioned CAR-NK cells led to superior tumor control, reduced proliferation (Ki67), diminished angiogenesis (CD31), and enhanced intratumoral CAR-NK infiltration compared with controls."
- "A60-PTX demonstrated superior cytotoxicity, with ~ 2.6-fold and ~ 1.4-fold lower IC50 values than E60-PTX in SKOV-3 (47 nM vs. 120 nM) and OVCAR-3 (45 nM vs. 62 nM), respectively."
- "FUS can reversibly unbind PTX from albumin, increasing its bioavailability specifically at tumor sites."
- "Antioxidant co-treatment partially restored redox balance and attenuated alterations in intrinsic apoptosis-associated protein markers."
- "Orally administered HA@Cel/NPs alleviated UC severity and suppressed CAC progression, with significantly reduced tumor burden."
- "Quercetin markedly improved diabetic wound repair by facilitating M2 macrophage polarization, promoting ROS elimination, and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation."
- "The composite achieves controlled co-release of magnesium ions (Mg2+) and hydrogen gas (H2)."
- "BM-MSC-EVs increased cancer cell proliferation but reduced colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro."
- "FPGGIP exerted ex vivo anticoagulation, suppressed vascular smooth muscle proliferation, relieved oxidative stress, recovered cell apoptosis, alleviated endothelial activation, blocked platelet aggregation, and showed low hemolysis (<5%)."
- "PDEVs are natural nanovesicles carrying bioactive lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and phytochemicals."
- "Trastuzumab-modified mRNA/LNPs exhibited over 100-fold greater cellular association than unmodified LNPs in cultured HER2-overexpressing SKOV-3 cells."
- "LZTFL1 expression restores cisplatin sensitivity in resistant lung and ovarian cancer cells and predicts improved survival outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma."
- "Drug release studies with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the drug-mimetic fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) confirmed a marked temperature-triggered release above the LCST and enhanced diffusion in mildly acidic conditions (pH < 6), characteristic of solid tumors."
- "The selected hybrids significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 protein while increasing the levels of p53, caspase-7, caspase-9, and Bax."
- "By controlling the PEOz/PAla block ratio and polymer concentration, the sol-gel transition temperature and mechanical strength of the resulting hydrogel can be conveniently regulated."
- "These findings demonstrate that BiOCl@ITA synergistically integrates catalytic ROS detoxification with ITA-mediated macrophage reprogramming, offering a promising therapeutic approach for APAP-induced acute liver injury."
- "PAS induces oxidative stress, activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress) pathway to trigger cancer cell death."
- "Rub treatment significantly prolonged survival and attenuated lung injury in the sepsis model, reduced paw swelling and bone erosion in the gout model, and ameliorated cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in the AD model, respectively."
- "GSK484 alleviated the upregulation of biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6), fibrosis (fibronectin, MMP-2, MMP-9, SMAD1, SMAD6, SMAD7, BMP-2) and apoptosis (caspase 9, BAX, BCL-2) in this model."
- "SA pretreatment significantly attenuated the LPS-induced increases in these markers."
- "Alloimperatorin ameliorate the lung cancer via alteration of the NF-κB and Nrf2 signalling pathway."
- "boiling as a simple thermal processing approach that structurally reconfigures ginger extracellular vesicles (GEVs) into functionally enhanced, thermally reassembled GEVs (T-GEVs)."
- "This specific composition drives their tissue-specific accumulation in the intestine and liver and potentiates clathrin-dependent cellular uptake in intestinal cells by 8.57-fold."
- "Natural borneol, a monoterpenoid compound, potentiates selenocystine-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by enhancement of cellular uptake and activation of ROS-mediated DNA damage."
- "Furthermore, real-time fluorescence tracking verifies the sustained release of encapsulated macromolecular drugs for over 35 days."
- "Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that intraperitoneal (IP) administration achieved favorable bioavailability and sustained plasma drug level (prolonged T1/2) compared to oral dosing, and produced remarkably high concentrations in both ovary (28,810 ng/g) and peritoneal fluid (922,500 ng/mL), both notably exceeding in vitro IC50 values."
- "We engineered an implantable alginate-microsphere system encapsulating EV-secreting MSCs and displaying the RGD-4C peptide (ACDCRGDCFC) on its surface."
- "This platform functions as a bioreactor that sustains the release of functionalized EVs with enhanced targeting to the ischemic brain."
- "The release of DHA induced ferroptosis through lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion, enhancing oxidative stress."
- "HDAC2 enhances cisplatin resistance in OC by deacetylating and stabilising SMAD7 protein, thereby activating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway and promoting DNA damage repair."
- "In 3D OVCAR3 tumor spheroids, the RA + Gem combination significantly reduced spheroid viability, disrupted spheroid architecture, and increased dead-cell accumulation compared with single-agent treatments."
- "L-SeNPs exert potent antitumor effects in ovarian cancer cells by inducing ROS-mediated DNA damage and activating the FOXO3a-GADD45A axis, thereby triggering mitochondrial apoptosis and suppressing tumor cell proliferation."
- "The regenerative effects of MSCs are mediated through paracrine signaling, primarily via their secretome, which includes extracellular vesicles and soluble factors, especially exosomes."
- "tLyP-1-modified exosomes exhibited enhanced tumor-targeting specificity and exerted anti-tumor effects via the miR-31-5p-GPRC5A axis."
- "To facilitate clinical translation, a ROS-responsive PBA-HAMA/PVA hydrogel was developed for the sustained delivery of SCEVs to diabetic wounds, accelerating closure within 15 days."
- "In this system, the shell layer is loaded with the DYRK1B inhibitor AZ191, which is released preferentially to disrupt drug-resistant signaling pathways and sensitize tumor cells."
- "PDVLNs sourced from ginger, grapes, green tea, and Brucea javanica have been successfully applied in monotherapy, combination therapy, and targeted drug delivery."
- "Intraperitoneal injections of YX968 loaded EVs led to significantly enhanced intratumoral degradation of HDAC3 and HDAC8 than YX986 alone, which resulted in advanced TNBC tumour inhibition without noticeable tissue toxicity."
- "In vitro results indicated that Si/TP@Exos were efficiently taken up by ovarian cancer cells, thus significantly enhancing the apoptosis of tumor cells."
- "In vivo experiments using ectopic and orthotopic xenograft models verified that this system can efficiently target tumor tissues and significantly suppress the progression and metastasis of drug-resistant tumors, with no obvious toxic side effects on major organs."
- "Covalent anchoring of the potent immunostimulatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) to phospholipid headgroups of the liposome core enabled the polymer-coated particles to concentrate IL-12 in disseminated ovarian cancer tumours following intraperitoneal administration."
- "Targeting PKM2 with inhibitors such as shikonin or compound 3K may represent a promising strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve therapeutic outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian cancer."
- "The ability of PDPN⁺ sEVs to circulate in ascitic fluid and peripheral blood positions them as promising candidates for liquid biopsy-based diagnostics."
- "Critically, in an OVCAR8-MSLN xenograft model, adoptive transfer of NMN-preconditioned CAR-NK cells led to superior tumor control, reduced proliferation (Ki67), diminished angiogenesis (CD31), and enhanced intratumoral CAR-NK infiltration compared with controls."
- "A60-PTX demonstrated superior cytotoxicity, with ~ 2.6-fold and ~ 1.4-fold lower IC50 values than E60-PTX in SKOV-3 (47 nM vs. 120 nM) and OVCAR-3 (45 nM vs. 62 nM), respectively."
- "FUS can reversibly unbind PTX from albumin, increasing its bioavailability specifically at tumor sites."
- "Antioxidant co-treatment partially restored redox balance and attenuated alterations in intrinsic apoptosis-associated protein markers."
- "Orally administered HA@Cel/NPs alleviated UC severity and suppressed CAC progression, with significantly reduced tumor burden."
- "Quercetin markedly improved diabetic wound repair by facilitating M2 macrophage polarization, promoting ROS elimination, and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation."
- "The composite achieves controlled co-release of magnesium ions (Mg2+) and hydrogen gas (H2)."
- "BM-MSC-EVs increased cancer cell proliferation but reduced colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro."
- "FPGGIP exerted ex vivo anticoagulation, suppressed vascular smooth muscle proliferation, relieved oxidative stress, recovered cell apoptosis, alleviated endothelial activation, blocked platelet aggregation, and showed low hemolysis (<5%)."
- "PDEVs are natural nanovesicles carrying bioactive lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and phytochemicals."
- "Trastuzumab-modified mRNA/LNPs exhibited over 100-fold greater cellular association than unmodified LNPs in cultured HER2-overexpressing SKOV-3 cells."
- "LZTFL1 expression restores cisplatin sensitivity in resistant lung and ovarian cancer cells and predicts improved survival outcomes in patients with lung adenocarcinoma."
- "Natural borneol, a monoterpenoid compound, potentiates selenocystine-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by enhancement of cellular uptake and activation of ROS-mediated DNA damage."
- "Drug release studies with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the drug-mimetic fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) confirmed a marked temperature-triggered release above the LCST and enhanced diffusion in mildly acidic conditions (pH < 6), characteristic of solid tumors."
- "The selected hybrids significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 protein while increasing the levels of p53, caspase-7, caspase-9, and Bax."
- "By controlling the PEOz/PAla block ratio and polymer concentration, the sol-gel transition temperature and mechanical strength of the resulting hydrogel can be conveniently regulated."
- "These findings demonstrate that BiOCl@ITA synergistically integrates catalytic ROS detoxification with ITA-mediated macrophage reprogramming, offering a promising therapeutic approach for APAP-induced acute liver injury."
- "PAS induces oxidative stress, activating the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress) pathway to trigger cancer cell death."
- "Rub treatment significantly prolonged survival and attenuated lung injury in the sepsis model, reduced paw swelling and bone erosion in the gout model, and ameliorated cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation in the AD model, respectively."
- "GSK484 alleviated the upregulation of biomarkers of inflammation (IL-6), fibrosis (fibronectin, MMP-2, MMP-9, SMAD1, SMAD6, SMAD7, BMP-2) and apoptosis (caspase 9, BAX, BCL-2) in this model."
- "SA pretreatment significantly attenuated the LPS-induced increases in these markers."
- "Alloimperatorin ameliorate the lung cancer via alteration of the NF-κB and Nrf2 signalling pathway."
- "Resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is a core limitation in the clinical treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)."