PathMap Literature Based Discovery Engine

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Experiment #00000139

Foundational Dietary Theory: The dietary synergy between Hi-Maize and 6x Spermidine Yeast creates a potential cellular supply-and-clearance loop within the brain's astrocytes. Circulating spermidine metabolites utilize documented astrocytic polyamine uptake systems to access the central nervous system. Once inside, this exogenous spermidine drives FAM134B-mediated ER-phagy, clearing the endoplasmic reticulum matrix. This clearance removes the ER-stress bottleneck, allowing newly transcribed astrocytic EAAT2—upregulated by gut-derived butyrate from Hi-Maize fermentation—to successfully traffic to the plasma membrane and mitigate synaptic glutamate excitotoxicity.

Starch, Resistant _gates_from_starch__resistant Butyric Acid _gates_to_butyric_acid _gates_from_butyric_acid Glutamate Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins _gates_to_glutamate_plasma_membrane_transport_proteins Spermidine _gates_from_spermidine Autophagy
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Experiment #00000138

Dietary butyrate from resistant starch may synergize with sulforaphane-driven Nrf2 activation and spermidine-mediated FAM134B ER-phagy in order to restore astrocytic EAAT2 membrane trafficking and potentially clear synaptic glutamate excitotoxicity in neurodegeneration. (Literature Based Discovery)

Starch, Resistant _gates_from_starch__resistant Butyrate _gates_to_butyrate _gates_from_butyrate NF-E2-Related Factor 2 _gates_to_nf_e2_related_factor_2 Sulforaphane _gates_from_sulforaphane Spermidine
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Experiment #00000135

Discovery: Vaginal delivery of Hyaluronic Acid-modified Ginger Extracellular Vesicles (HA-GDEVs) co-functionalized with borneol may penetrate fibrotic endometriotic lesions via CD44 targeting, delivering anti-angiogenic payloads to induce lesion regression without systemic hormonal toxicity.

Extracellular Vesicles _gates_from_extracellular_vesicles Drug Delivery Systems _gates_to_drug_delivery_systems _gates_from_drug_delivery_systems Remission Induction _gates_to_remission_induction _gates_from_remission_induction Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions _gates_to_drug_related_side_effects_and_adverse_reactions
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Experiment #00000133

ApoE-mediated lipsignaling and EV-delivered bioenergetic substrates both converge on the stabilization of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, which is the requisite physiological precursor for renewed neurogenesis in the hippocampus.

Apolipoprotein E4 _gates_from_apolipoprotein_e4 Mitochondrial Respiration _gates_to_mitochondrial_respiration Extracellular Vesicles _gates_from_extracellular_vesicles Mitochondria _gates_to_mitochondria Energy Metabolism _gates_from_energy_metabolism
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Experiment #00000132

Discovery: Considering PubMed #41177462, intranasal S-GEVs co-functionalized with ApoE peptides may bypass the cribriform plate and target astrocytic LRP1 receptors in order to suppress NF-κB and may resolve some neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's and ALS.

Administration, Intranasal _gates_from_administration__intranasal Blood-Brain Barrier _gates_to_blood_brain_barrier Apolipoproteins E _gates_from_apolipoproteins_e Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1 _gates_to_low_density_lipoprotein_receptor_related_protein_1 Signal Transduction _gates_from_signal_transduction
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Experiment #00000129

COPD Dietary Idea: According to PubMed literature, he following lunchtime meal plan provides nutrients needed for production and regulation of tryptophan and 3-IPA and may help reduce COPD flare-ups, while also providing mucosal support for clearance of debris from the lungs: -2x slices sourdough bread, lightly spread with extra virgin olive oil, garlic, and ginger, with 2x slices of cooked turkey and spinach, with nutritional yeast and hi-maize corn starch mixed into the EVOO (for mucosal system support) -a spinach-based salad with 1 Tbsp EVOO -3 oz pomegranate juice mixed with 3 oz cherry juice

Tryptophan _gates_from_tryptophan Gut Microbiota _gates_to_gut_microbiota _gates_from_gut_microbiota Indolepropionic Acid _gates_to_indolepropionic_acid IPA _gates_from_ipa Lung
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Experiment #00000125

Discovery: Considering PubMed #37563705, #42012729, and #42541426, Spermidine is a known inducer of autophagy through EP300 inhibition and TFEB activation. Since TMEM106B amylofilaments induce lysosomal dysfunction, TFEB-driven restoration of lysosomal capacity would logically prevent the accumulation of these filaments.

Spermidine _gates_from_spermidine Transcription Factor EB _gates_to_transcription_factor_eb _gates_from_transcription_factor_eb Lysosomes _gates_to_lysosomes _gates_from_lysosomes TMEM106B protein _gates_to_tmem106b_protein
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Experiment #00000120

Discovery: Considering PubMed #41177462 and PubMed #41231952, Spermidine-modified extracellular vesicles can mitigate ALS-related C9orf72 RAN translation by modulating the MARK2-eIF2α stress-sensing axis.

C9orf72 Protein _gates_from_c9orf72_protein EIF2A _gates_to_eif2a _gates_from_eif2a Nanoparticles _gates_to_nanoparticles
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Experiment #00000119

Hypothesis: Considering PubMed #41177462, Intranasally administered GDEVs, specifically spermidine-modified ginger extracellular vesicles, may offer a multi-target therapeutic strategy for C9orf72-associated ALS by crossing the blood-brain barrier via olfactory routes to potentially deliver gene-editing components, support axonal translation, restore STMN2 expression, and attenuate neuroinflammation.

Spermidine _gates_from_spermidine Olfactory Bulb _gates_to_olfactory_bulb Drug Delivery Systems _gates_from_drug_delivery_systems Stathmin 2 _gates_to_stathmin_2 Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-5A _gates_from_eukaryotic_initiation_factor_5a
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Experiment #00000115

Ebola Virus Outbreak Solution Hypothesis: Oral ginger-derived extracellular vesicles may serve as an acid-stable, inexpensive, and supply-chain ready clinical solution to deliver 6-shogaol to macrophages, triggering CASA autophagy to degrade EBOV VP40 and halt viral egress.

Ginger extract _gates_from_ginger_extract Autophagy _gates_to_autophagy Autophagy (CASA) _gates_from_autophagy__casa_ Viral Matrix Proteins _gates_to_viral_matrix_proteins Proteolysis _gates_from_proteolysis
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Experiment #00000114

Biohack, Anti-Ebola Hypothesis 1: PDEV-to-macrophage siRNA targeting VP40 Load the plant vesicles with synthetic siRNAs designed to silence VP40 transcription directly inside the macrophage. Exploration of dietary, pharmacological, and repurposed solutions to achieve this.

PDEV isolation _gates_from_pdev_isolation RNA, Small Interfering _gates_to_rna__small_interfering _gates_from_rna__small_interfering Macrophage Activation _gates_to_macrophage_activation _gates_from_macrophage_activation Gene Silencing _gates_to_gene_silencing
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Experiment #00000111

Identify specific patterns of TDP-43 proteinopathy induced cryptic mis-splicing of STMN2 and other "cryptic mis-splicing" patterns found within PubMed Literature, 2026.

DNA-Binding Protein 43 _gates_from_dna_binding_protein_43 Exons _gates_to_exons _gates_from_exons Protein Deficiency _gates_to_protein_deficiency Functional Protein Loss _gates_from_functional_protein_loss Neurodegeneration
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Experiment #00000105

Gap Analysis: There is no PubMed data showing wet lab data or analysis of TPD-43 proteinopathy found (or not found) in the Cochlear, Spiral, or Scarpa's Ganglion of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patient data post mortem.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis _gates_from_amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis TDP-43 proteinopathy _gates_to_tdp_43_proteinopathy _gates_from_tdp_43_proteinopathy Spiral Ganglion _gates_to_spiral_ganglion Peripheral Nerves _gates_from_peripheral_nerves _gates_to_amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis
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Experiment #00000101

Hypothesis: If Botox were injected into the nerve ending on the third toe on the left foot, the toxin can "climb" retrograde from toe through motor neurons eventually to the brain and temporarily inhibit vesicular docking "from toe to head", potentially allowing a timed pharmacological therapeutic window for toxic EV clearance through the lymph system instead of docking and seeding.

Botulinum Toxins, Type A _gates_from_botulinum_toxins__type_a Axonal Transport _gates_to_axonal_transport _gates_from_axonal_transport SNARE Proteins _gates_to_snare_proteins _gates_from_snare_proteins Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Hyaluronan Receptor-1 _gates_to_lymphatic_vessel_endothelial_hyaluronan_receptor_1
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Experiment #00000100

Hypothesis: Restored clearance of senescent neutrophils by tissue-resident macrophages limits organ aging

Aging _gates_from_aging Phagocytosis _gates_to_phagocytosis _gates_from_phagocytosis Neutrophils _gates_to_neutrophils _gates_from_neutrophils _gates_to_aging Indoleacetic Acids
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Experiment #00000099

anti-lamin b1 (phospho t575) antibody - nuclear envelope marker

Nuclear Envelope _gates_from_nuclear_envelope Lamin B Receptor _gates_to_lamin_b_receptor Lamins _gates_from_lamins Biomarkers _gates_from_biomarkers Lamin B1 _gates_to_lamin_b1
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Experiment #00000098

A 3x3 Evaluation Matrix of Biological Interactions of ARHGAP32, RGNEF (ARHGEF28), and TDP-43 in Neurodegenerative Disease found in PubMed Literature as of August 5, 2026

TDP-43 Proteinopathies _gates_from_tdp_43_proteinopathies RNA Splicing _gates_to_rna_splicing RGNEF (ARHGEF28) _gates_from_rgnef__arhgef28_ TDP-43 _gates_to_tdp_43
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Experiment #00000097

Evaluation of Known Roles of ARHGAP32, RGNEF (ARHGEF28), and TDP-43 in Neurodegenerative Disease found in PubMed Literature as of August 5, 2026

DNA-Binding Proteins _gates_from_dna_binding_proteins RNA Splicing _gates_to_rna_splicing _gates_from_rna_splicing Neuronal Plasticity _gates_to_neuronal_plasticity Synaptic Transmission _gates_to_synaptic_transmission Neuronal Dysfunction
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Experiment #00000096

analysis of the splicing landscape of the frontal cortex in ftld-tdp reveals subtype specific patterns and cryptic splicing

Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration _gates_from_frontotemporal_lobar_degeneration Alternative Splicing _gates_to_alternative_splicing _gates_from_alternative_splicing RNA Splicing _gates_to_rna_splicing _gates_from_rna_splicing Subtype Specificity _gates_to_subtype_specificity
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Experiment #00000090

Ferroptosis

Ferroptosis _gates_from_ferroptosis _gates_to_ferroptosis Spinal Cord Injuries _gates_from_spinal_cord_injuries Cell Death _gates_to_cell_death _gates_from_cell_death CD14 Antigen _gates_to_cd14_antigen
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Experiment #00000081

How does the gut microbiome modulate inflammation?

Microbial Dysbiosis _gates_from_microbial_dysbiosis Permeability _gates_to_permeability _gates_from_permeability Bacterial Translocation _gates_to_bacterial_translocation _gates_from_bacterial_translocation Toll-Like Receptor 4 _gates_to_toll_like_receptor_4
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Experiment #00000078

Activated STING triggers inflammatory cytokines that directly drive astrocytic AQP4 depolarization; dampening this pathway restores the perivascular endfoot morphology necessary for glymphatic flow.

Metabolic Stress _gates_from_metabolic_stress DNA, Mitochondrial _gates_to_dna__mitochondrial _gates_from_dna__mitochondrial cGAS-STING Pathway _gates_to_cgas_sting_pathway _gates_from_cgas_sting_pathway Neuroinflammation _gates_to_neuroinflammation
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Experiment #00000076

Nanoplastic-induced lysosomal membrane remodeling may sequester WDR44, creating a 'hotspot' for α-synuclein aggregation initiation.

Nanoplastics internalization _gates_from_nanoplastics_internalization Lysosomal accumulation _gates_to_lysosomal_accumulation _gates_from_lysosomal_accumulation Lysosomal Membranes _gates_to_lysosomal_membranes WDR44 _gates_from_wdr44 WDR44 protein
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Experiment #00000075

Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) may act as a scaffold for the recruitment and accumulation of WDR44 at the lysosomal membrane, thereby accelerating the de novo aggregation of alpha-synuclein in the early stages of PD.

Nanoplastic exposure _gates_from_nanoplastic_exposure Lysosomal Storage Diseases _gates_to_lysosomal_storage_diseases _gates_from_lysosomal_storage_diseases alpha-Synuclein _gates_to_alpha_synuclein WDR44 _gates_from_wdr44 Protein Aggregates
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Experiment #00000068

ALS; FUS; STMN2; TDP-43; protein translation; stress granule

Cell Nucleus _gates_from_cell_nucleus RNA Splicing _gates_to_rna_splicing _gates_from_rna_splicing Protein Biosynthesis _gates_to_protein_biosynthesis _gates_from_protein_biosynthesis Motor Neuron Disease _gates_to_motor_neuron_disease
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Experiment #00000067

Frontotemporal dementia; Splicing; TDP-43; Transcriptomics.

DNA-Binding Protein-43 _gates_from_dna_binding_protein_43 RNA Splicing _gates_to_rna_splicing _gates_from_rna_splicing Neuronal dysfunction _gates_to_neuronal_dysfunction Exons _gates_to_exons Splicing defects
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Experiment #00000065

Does pathologically seeded TDP-43 exit the retina via anterograde axonal transport along the optic tract to midbrain hubs, enter the systemic circulation inside extracellular vesicles, and subsequently traffic into pancreatic beta-cells to accelerate type 2 diabetes phenotypes?

TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 _gates_from_tar_dna_binding_protein_43 Extracellular Vesicles _gates_to_extracellular_vesicles Systemic circulating EVs _gates_from_systemic_circulating_evs Insulin-Secreting Cells _gates_to_insulin_secreting_cells Axonal Transport _gates_to_axonal_transport
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Experiment #00000059

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Biomarkers; Clinical trials; Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles; Neuropathology; Pharmacodynamic biomarkers; Surrogate endpoints; TDP-43

Disease Progression _gates_from_disease_progression Biological Markers _gates_to_biological_markers _gates_from_biological_markers Proteomics _gates_to_proteomics Platform Data _gates_from_platform_data Patient Selection
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Experiment #00000056

Sarcopenia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Biological Pathways and Analysis

Motor Neuron Disease _gates_from_motor_neuron_disease Neuromuscular Junction Diseases _gates_to_neuromuscular_junction_diseases _gates_from_neuromuscular_junction_diseases Muscle Weakness _gates_to_muscle_weakness NMJ instability _gates_from_nmj_instability Sarcopenia
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Experiment #00000055

If the RGNEF NF 242 Terminal loses its functional ability to agitate or compete with TDP-43, perhaps from misfolding or sequestration, could it cause the TDP-43 proteinopathy seen in the retina, post-mortem, in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients, if the RGNEF failures were localized in the retina?

RGNEF/NF242 _gates_from_rgnef_nf242 TDP-43 _gates_to_tdp_43 Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor _gates_from_rho_guanine_nucleotide_exchange_factor TDP-43 Proteinopathies _gates_to_tdp_43_proteinopathies Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis _gates_from_amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis
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Experiment #00000052

Can fatty liver disease be treated in order to restore gut health?

MASLD pathophysiology _gates_from_masld_pathophysiology Gastrointestinal Microbiome _gates_to_gastrointestinal_microbiome _gates_from_gastrointestinal_microbiome Farnesoid X-Activated Receptor _gates_to_farnesoid_x_activated_receptor _gates_from_farnesoid_x_activated_receptor Intestinal Mucosa _gates_to_intestinal_mucosa
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Experiment #00000051

Is TDP-43 proteinopathy associated with toxoplasmosis?

Datasets as Topic _gates_from_datasets_as_topic Toxoplasmosis or Toxoplasma gondii _gates_to_toxoplasmosis_or_toxoplasma_gondii TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 _gates_from_tar_dna_binding_protein_43 _gates_to_datasets_as_topic Toxoplasmosis _gates_from_toxoplasmosis Not Found
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Experiment #00000048

The ALS-T2D comorbidity is driven by a bidirectional, exosome-mediated proteostatic collapse. Peripheral tissues (muscle, pancreas) dictate CNS TDP-43 stability via exosomal miRNAs (miR-126a-5p) and glucose-dependent modifications (O-GlcNAcylation). Conversely, pharmacological activation of ubiquitin-peptidases (e.g., Acarbose targeting USP46) or restitution of glycolytic cofactors (F2,6BP) represent novel, cross-disciplinary therapeutic targets capable of halting systemic proteinopathy.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 _gates_from_diabetes_mellitus__type_2 Extracellular Vesicles _gates_to_extracellular_vesicles _gates_from_extracellular_vesicles DNA-Binding Proteins _gates_to_dna_binding_proteins _gates_from_dna_binding_proteins Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis _gates_to_amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis
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Experiment #00000047

Does blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) drive progressive tau/TDP-43 seeding by disrupting astrocytic AQP4 glymphatic clearance and activating microglial cGAS-STING neuroinflammation? #mTBI #Glymphatic #cGASSTING

Blast Injuries _gates_from_blast_injuries Aquaporin 4 _gates_to_aquaporin_4 _gates_from_aquaporin_4 Glymphatic System _gates_to_glymphatic_system _gates_from_glymphatic_system Protein Aggregates _gates_to_protein_aggregates
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Experiment #00000039

What is the current evidence for RGNEF (ARHGEF28) functioning as a primary upstream regulator of axonal transport and TDP-43 homeostasis in ALS, and how does the failure of this 'terminal tether' initiate the pathological continuum compared to downstream protein aggregation?

Metabolic Stress _gates_from_metabolic_stress Protein Aggregation _gates_to_protein_aggregation _gates_from_protein_aggregation RNA Metabolism _gates_to_rna_metabolism _gates_from_rna_metabolism Axonal Transport _gates_to_axonal_transport
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Experiment #00000038

Map the direct mechanical and axonal transport pathways connecting intranasal administration or trigeminal nerve delivery to the clearance of TDP-43 aggregates in sporadic ALS, and the delivery of CRISPR-Cas/ASO gene therapies targeting C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the cerebellum and brainstem.

Intranasal Route _gates_from_intranasal_route Blood-Brain Barrier _gates_to_blood_brain_barrier C9orf72 Protein _gates_to_c9orf72_protein _gates_from_c9orf72_protein Brain _gates_to_brain Intranasal Administration
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Experiment #00000030

Can AI and single-cell RNA sequencing help map cryptic TDP-43 splicing errors in sporadic ALS to design BBB-penetrant CRISPR gene therapies before neurotoxicity begins?

Single-Cell Analysis _gates_from_single_cell_analysis RNA Splicing _gates_to_rna_splicing _gates_from_rna_splicing Blood-Brain Barrier _gates_to_blood_brain_barrier _gates_from_blood_brain_barrier Neurotoxicity Syndromes _gates_to_neurotoxicity_syndromes
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Experiment #00000024

If RGNEF fails agitate and regulate TDP-43 at the RGNEF NF242 Terminal, does this cause TDP-43 propteinopathy?

Protein Interaction Mapping _gates_from_protein_interaction_mapping RNA Stability _gates_to_rna_stability Peptide Fragments _gates_from_peptide_fragments RNA Recognition Motif _gates_to_rna_recognition_motif Metabolic stress _gates_from_metabolic_stress
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Experiment #00000023

Does misfolded TDP43 affect Retinal Ganglion Cell STMN2 ability to repair in a similar way as what how it was shown to affect motor neurons with cryptic mis-splicing?

TDP-43 pathology _gates_from_tdp_43_pathology RNA Splicing _gates_to_rna_splicing _gates_from_rna_splicing Stathmin 2 _gates_to_stathmin_2 Vitreous Body _gates_to_vitreous_body DNA-Binding Protein-43
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Experiment #00000022

Do Bulbar Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients have TDP43 proteinopathy in cochlear/spiral ganglion post mortem?

Ubiquilin-1 _gates_from_ubiquilin_1 TDP-43 Proteinopathies _gates_to_tdp_43_proteinopathies _gates_from_tdp_43_proteinopathies Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis _gates_to_amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis Disease Models, Animal _gates_from_disease_models__animal Cochlear Nucleus
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Experiment #00000019

What is the role of 3-indolepropionic acid within the body, and what foods or nutrients may help replenish it if deficient?

Edible Grain _gates_from_edible_grain Clostridium sporogenes _gates_to_clostridium_sporogenes Gastrointestinal Microbiome _gates_from_gastrointestinal_microbiome 3-indolepropionic acid _gates_to_3_indolepropionic_acid _gates_from_3_indolepropionic_acid Signal Transduction
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Experiment #00000016

Analyze the potential for zinc-binding competition between synaptic transporters (e.g., SLC39A8, ZnT3) and ALS-associated proteins (RGNEF, TDP-43) in the RGC-thalamic axis. Can this competition explain the coexistence of RGC excitotoxicity and STMN2 depletion in clinical samples?

TAR DNA-Binding Protein 43 _gates_from_tar_dna_binding_protein_43 Stathmin 2 _gates_to_stathmin_2 SLC39A8 protein, human _gates_from_slc39a8_protein__human Zinc _gates_to_zinc Excitotoxicity _gates_from_excitotoxicity
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Experiment #00000015

Given that schizophrenia is characterized by a deficit in the attenuation of sensory input via corollary discharge, how might pathologically elevated RGC signaling—potentially caused by synaptic glutamate overflow without zinc modulation—interfere with the thalamic integration of extra-retinal CD signals to effectively reverse the predictive timing of visual stability?

SLC39A8 Protein _gates_from_slc39a8_protein Zinc Deficiency _gates_to_zinc_deficiency _gates_from_zinc_deficiency Glutamic Acid _gates_to_glutamic_acid _gates_from_glutamic_acid Thalamus _gates_to_thalamus
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Experiment #00000013

Can BMAA, a known glutamate mimic, cause hyperexcited retinal ganglion cells and cause them to "misfire" corollary discharge?

Amino Acids, Diamino _gates_from_amino_acids__diamino Retina _gates_to_retina _gates_from_retina Corollary Discharge _gates_to_corollary_discharge NMDA receptors _gates_to_nmda_receptors NMDA receptor activation
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Experiment #00000012

If a toxin with a thermodynamic affinity for Zinc GREATER THAN that of Glutamate AND LESS THAN that of RGNEF, under certain conditions a pathway exists wherein the toxin could shuttle synaptic retinal zinc to RGNEF, thus potentially ultimately resulting in the retinal TDP-43 proteinopathy seen in the retina post mortem in Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Synaptic Zinc _gates_from_synaptic_zinc Receptors, Glutamate _gates_to_receptors__glutamate _gates_from_receptors__glutamate Zinc Dyshomeostasis in RGCs _gates_to_zinc_dyshomeostasis_in_rgcs _gates_from_zinc_dyshomeostasis_in_rgcs TDP-43 Proteinopathy _gates_to_tdp_43_proteinopathy
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Experiment #00000006

Does existing in vitro data show that Quercetin-induced autophagy can successfully degrade DUX4 or its downstream misfolded proteins?

Quercetin _gates_from_quercetin Autophagy _gates_to_autophagy _gates_from_autophagy Misfolded Proteins _gates_to_misfolded_proteins _gates_from_misfolded_proteins DUX4 _gates_to_dux4
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Experiment #00000005

What are the biomarker differences in TDP-43 proteinopathy within the cerebellum and retina when comparing Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and c9orf72 affected Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? Are there any mutually exclusive biomarkers that can be deduced?

C9orf72 expansion _gates_from_c9orf72_expansion Dipeptide Repeats _gates_to_dipeptide_repeats _gates_from_dipeptide_repeats Microglia _gates_to_microglia C9orf72 Protein _gates_from_c9orf72_protein Cerebellum
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